Estimating the Cooling Effect of Pocket Green Space in High Density Urban Areas in Shanghai, China

Recently, pocket green spaces (PGS), i.e., small spaces, have attracted growing attention for their various ecological and social services. As a crucial part of urban in high-density areas, PGS facilitates recreation relaxation neighborhoods thus improves the livability cities at local scale. However, whether how cools heat island effect is still unclear. This research was performed highly developed areas city Shanghai during hot summer daytime. We applied set cooling indicators to estimate extent, intensity, efficiency PGS. further examined landscape features within surrounding influence its effects. The results showed that 90% are cooler than surroundings. Among features, land surface temperature logarithmically decreased with area, maximum cool intensity area increased vegetation types composition also influenced effect. dominated by tree-shrub-grass highest efficiency. patterns, especially patch density shape index, both class levels. These findings add new knowledge on factors influencing PGS, provide biophysical theoretical basis developing nature-based strategies designers planners.